Valve seat reamer



Oct. 13, 1931. w. H. EVANS VALVE SEAT REAMER Filed Nov. 4. 1926 Tullllllll a Patented Get. 13, 1,93 1' WILLIAM H. EVA S; or CHICAGO; mm fissmmn o"Evmsrwxmm mmett; 3

' coRroRArroN, 0F, cirrcrle'o, rumors, A conr'ormr oiv or; rntijivorsipj VALVE-EATREA1VIER le mas filedrlov'ember 4, was; 'ser'i i K011146358. j"

I My invention relates to reaming tools, and more particularly toa valve-seat reamer for reaming the valveseats of" engines;

It is a purposeofmy invention to" provide 5' reamer ath'ati will not cause chattering, which ofte'n'serlously damagesa valve seat by making deep cuts at one point 1 anda shallow cutat another point, thusleav ng an uneven surface. I

0 ".1 It is another purposeofiny invention to 7 provide arearner made of a-metal stamping whichis' provided with thin, flexible'teeth thatniay yi'e'ldfislightly when they; tend to Crittoo-deeply and thus'rnove away from'the 15 work-enough to make a smooth, even cut and 20 tation of the tool.

, Valve seats ofinternal' prevent chattering or digging; This result is accomplished by inclining the teeth rears wardly from the-base; to the cutting edge thereof with respectto the d'irectlon of re.-

combu'st ion engines after arperiod of use become; coated with a layer of extremely hard material ,whlch: is

too hard tobecut by'the' cuttingutooliof 5 ordinary; hardness, andheretofore it hasbeen the'practice to remove" this coating by'the use of ail-abrasive tool andtothenapply the cutting tool to the work. This practice, involving the use oftat lea-sttwo different tools for'reaming onevalve seat, :is slowand expensive, To avoid this practice andproduce a'single toolthat will removethe hard coat- 7 ing and-then, without beingfremoved from the valvesea't, cut it 'down soas to leave a pose of this invention; I

I will now 7 describe one my invention may takeby reference to the acconr that Idonot intend to limit myself to the exact :details shownand described,- but that I intend to avail myself of all such modificationsas would corne witb 4'5 inthevsc'operof the claims. 1-

teeth thereon smooth even surface, is the principal pur- In the drawings,- 1 5 3 Fig. 1 is plan viewxshowing thejfacevof my reaming-tooliand the position of the Fig. 2 is" tates-tame new Fig; 1; d

Fig; 3 is an enlarged section 7 r the teeth of the reamer to illustratef'thetway T i in which they'are pack-hardened; -.:f 1*

Referring n-ow in detail to theadrawings,

the numeral 5 represents;aihollowarbor rnemj 'ber adapted to receive a handle or shaftifor rotating; the cutter: Securedto this member 5' is the hollow, sheet-metal, cutter member. .6.

having a plurality of teeth struckout from the conical portion 7 thereof V'This'cutting 7 member is also provided withan bpening' .ce'n-r-i trallythereofto receive the arbor 5, and this opening isfprovided.withfalternate recesses 1 and projections Sand 9 inwhich the reduced end portion 10 of the arbormember 5'is' adapt? n ed'to be upsetl'to rig-idlyvsecure aicutter memf her and arbor together. The cuttermember is alsoprovided with a pairof diametrically opposite, slots. 11 and .12 Jwhichzexterid throughout the greater portion: ofthe flatsur- I face 13; of the cutter member, thus leaving between theinner portion -14 and the-outer portionof the 'cutterinember' acpair ofdia metrically-opposed connecting sections 15 and 16. The purpose ofthis structure-issto thatitinay adjust itself to. the ivaryingpresing, since itcinsures a'rig'idqcontact sup;

port of, ithe cutter -1nember on';the' arbor, I and "also permits the-tooth carrying--portiomto ,2, yield "under pressure providesavery eflicient a I I ,and-easilyconstructed cutting 11 001; i t now;describ e the improve'lmeans 1 whereby I. am enabled with this cutter to r 5 "moveith a d fi :f bm' h f a v s fifits and: 1

4-1 will sures upon, the difler'ent teeth. :Thismountalso cut down the valve seat with a single tool. The teeth 17, 18, 19 and 20 are arranged adjacent the portions 15 and 16 of the cutter member, and, as will be clearly apparent, there can be practically no yielding of the cutter member due to the pressure of these teeth against the work because of the fact that the portions 15 and 16 directly connect the tooth-carrying part of the cutter member withthe arbor.

These teeth are provided with corrugations on the forward faces-thereof, which leave on each tooth a number of narrow cutting edges separated by the rooves or corrugations. These teeth, as wel as the teeth 21 and 22, 23 and '24, are'all bent rearwardly with respect to the direction of rotation so that the cutting ed e when striking too great a resist ance may be bent slightly backward, and by this bending will yield away from the work to prevent digging and chattering. However, the:teeth;2 1,*22, 23 and 24, being located adjacent the slots 11 and 12, may also cause yielding of the entire member, due to these slots, aboutithe portions 15 and 16.

Now, when the tool is applied to a valve seat. havin'g the hard, carbon coating thereon, the teethi21,22,f23 and 24, having unbroken cutting edgesan d bei-ng yieldingly mounted, willnot diginto this hard surface, but will spring-away from the same, and thus protect their cutting edges. While the teeth 1'2, 18, 19 :and 20, due to the corrugations therein haveia-smalleramount of cutting edge in engagement with 'the valve seat, and, further- .more, cannot yield about the arbor because of the portions'15 and 16. Therefore the 'greaterzpressure will be appliedto these teeth,

andthe narrow cutting edges thereon will .strikeithe hard carbon deposit and crack the same, to thus permitthe smooth-faced teeth tocut down into the softer .material of the valve seat.

Thecutting teeth and the body of the cutting member 6 are pack-hardened after the teetharestruck upward from the member 6 ztosuch an extent as to provide a hard outer surface'andle'ave a soft core throughout the teeth and body of the cutting member, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 3, in substantially =the=same manner as is disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 71,682, filed November 27 1925. This pack-hardening produces a cutting edge on the teeth that is considerably harder than'the ordinary tool steel and is-of sufiicient hardness to withstand the heavy duty of cutting through the hard carbon deposit on the valve seats. It is necessary that this pack-hardening take place only to such a :depth in the material of the cutter'mem'ber-as to leave a soft core therein which is preferably about one-third the entire thickness ofthe cutte'r member. The reason forthisisthat the teeth of the cutter member must-be yieldable and the body of the cutter member must also yield to a certain extent. If the pack-hardening were carried on to such an extent as to harden the member throughout its thickness or if carbon tool steel of sufficient hardness to stand up under this work and break the hard deposit on the Valve seats were used, the teeth would be brittle and inclined to snap ofi, instead of give, when they encountered too great a resistance due to their attempt to out or dig into the valve seat. The soft core in the teeth enables them to spring back and prevents their snapping oil, which, of course, greatly increases the lifelof the teeth, as well as i11- suring a smooth out on the valve seat'without chattering.

It will also be noted, upon inspection of Fig; 1, that the teeth in the lower half of the figure have the inner edges inclined rearwardly of the outer edges thereof, and that the upper series of teeth have'theinner edges thereof inclined forwardly ofthe outer edges. This structure, as pointed out in my co-pending application above mentioned, also aids. in distributingthe strain, due to the cutting of the teeth more evenly throughout the cutter member, and also helps to prevent any jumping or chattering ofthe'teeth.

Secured to the rear end of the spindle 5 is a hollow, cup-shaped member 25, which, as is clearly apparent in Fig. 2, is spaced from the cutter member 6 and fits down inside the cutter member to allow yielding without binding between these two members. The member 25 may be secured to'the arbor 5 in any suitable manner, such as by providing a shoulder 26 on the member 5 and spinning the projecting edge 27 over so as to hold themember 25 securely thereon.

It is thought that the abovedescriptionwill be sufiicient to enable oneskilled in the art to clearly-understand the construction and operation of my valve-seat reamer, together-with the resultant advantages thereof, which are principally the reduction in the number -'of tools necessary to finish a valve, the provision of a single tool having teeth thereon which will cut away the hard'carbon deposition the valve seat and then smooth up the valve seat to'leave a smooth, even face thereon, and the provision of means to prevent chattering'of the tool during its cutting operation. These advantages'are' accomplished by the particular manner in which thecutter member is mounted upon the arbor'to make it yielding, the rearward inclination of the-teeth fromthe direction of rotation, the pack-hardening of the teeth-and cutter member so as to make them yieldable, the arrangement of the teeth in a plurality of series, and finallythe provision of corrugations in the cutting faces of the teethhaving theleast ability to yield away 'from'the work.

Having thus described my invention, what 7 l desire to claim and secur' y United States Letters Patent is:

1. A device of the character described comprising a support'and a cutter member yieldingly mountedthereon, said cutter member" being provided with yieldable teeth thereon inclined to the axis of said cutter member,

' I certain of i hihaving grooves intersectving their cuttingedges and extending i w ly toward said cutting'member along the forward faces of the teeth.

2' A device of the character describedcom i A prising a support and a cutter member yieldin'gly mounted thereon, said cutter, member belng provided with yieldable teeth thereon I having their cutting edges inclined to the I I axis of said cutter member, certain of said teethhaving grooves intersecting their cut- "ting edges and eXtending inwardly toward said cutting member along the forward faces of'the teeth. j I I I 3. A device of the character described com- 'prising a support and acutter member yield-'1 ingly mounted thereon, said cutter 'member v being provided with'yieldable teeth thereon inclined'to the axis of said cutter'member, r

portion and the other teeth having'smooth uninterrupted cutting 1 edges. I

7. A device of the character described, com

prising a supporting arbor, a yieldable cutter memberhaving a central portion rigidly secured to the supporting arbor'and an annular portionintegrally connected to said central portion atfixed points, said annular portion having a beveled tooth carrying portion, a plurality of yieldable teeth uponsaidbeveled portion, certain of, said teeth having grooves on their cutting faces;

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 5th day of October, A. D1926;

WILLIAM H. EVANS.

certain of said teeth having grooves intersect-' ing their cutting edgesiand extending inwardly toward said cutting member," said grooved teeth being arranged indiametrically opposed pairs andother teeth .of said I cutter being devoidof grooves and arranged between the groups of groovedlteeth.

4. A device of the character described comprising a supportingiarbor and ayieldable v cutter member having acentral portion rigid-- v 1y secured to said supporting arbor and an an-j I i nular portion secured to saidcentrallportlon v tersecting their cutting edges;

at spaced points,said annular portion having I I I yieldabl'e teeth projecting therefrom, some of 1 said. teeth being provided with I I grooves 1n- 5. A deviceof the character described win I prising a supporting arborand a'yieldable 5 cutter member having a circular mounting v 'jportion rigidly secured to said supporting ar- Ebor and an annular portion secured to'said I icircular mounting portion at. spaced fpoints, {said annular portion having yieldable teeth projecting therefrom, the teeth adjacent said spaced points being provided with grooves intersecting their cutting edges and theother teethhaving smooth uninterrupted cutting edges.

' I 6. A device ofthe character described'com- I prising a supportingarbor and'a yieldable cutter member having a central portion rigid- 7 1y secured to said supporting arbor and an annular portion secured/to saidcentralportion at a pair of diametrically spacedpoints,

said annular portion having yieldableteeth projecting therefrom, the teeth; adjacent said I I diametrically spaced points being provided with grooves intersecting their'cutting edges and extending inwardly toward said annular 

